This post is intended to help simplify some programming terms.
A Global Variable is a variable that can be accessed and utilized by any part of the program it is referenced by.
A Local Variable is a variable that can be accessed and utilized by only a certain part of the program that is referenced in.
Elementary Data Types are categories of types of data that establish the value type, the operations that the value type; and how the value is stored in a variable.
A Character data type is utilized to store fixed length character strings that include alphanumeric text, such as letters, numbers, spaces, symbols, and punctuation.
A String data type is utilized to store fixed length or variable length character data.
An Integer data type is utilized to store numerical information, but more specifically, whole numbers that can be positive, negative, or zero.
A Floating data type is utilized to store numerical information, but more specifically, numbers that contain a floating decimal.
A Boolean data type is utilized to store only True/False statements.
A Data Identifier (name) is a unique identifier that names a variable. In most cases, it can be a number, letter, or underscore.
A Data Type is the category of the type of information that indicates the possible values, operations, and storage methods.
The Memory Address identifies the memory location where information can be stored at and retrieved from.
The Actual Data is information that is stored as bits or bytes in the memory location.
A Variable is the name given that identifies a value.
A Literal is a series of characters in source code that do not require interpretation when translating to machine language.
A Constant is a value that does not change during program execution.
Number Base Systems are writing systems used in translating user input data into numbers that can be understood by computers.
BASE 2, also known as the Binary numeral system, uses 0s and 1s to symbolize values, which are more easily converted to computer language.
BASE 10, also known as the Decimal system, is the most commonly used number base system. This number system utilizes 10 as its base, which derived from people counting on their fingers.
BASE 16, also known as the Hexadecimal system, is a positional number system that is based on 16 symbols. These symbols are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and A, B, C, D, E, and F. This gives 16 variations to each placeholder.
Floating Point is a system that symbolizes real numbers using decimal places. In this system, real numbers have a sign, a significand, and an exponent.
Decimal Data Representation (or type) is similar to Floating Point except it can store a maximum of 38 digits.
In Direct Addressing, a given value, which is stored in memory, identifies the instruction value.
In Relative Addressing, the instruction value is based on the loaded value plus the fixed offset value.
Data Types are groups of values the groups of operations on those values. Data Abstraction is the process of identifying data with a depiction of its significance while keeping its operation details concealed.
A File is a collection of data or a source to store information. A Record is the most simplistic method to store data, which consists of more than one value or variable. An Array is a data structure comprises of values or variables that are identified by an index. A Single Dimension array is a linear array that is used to store a number of items of a predefined type and a Multi Dimension array is simply an array of arrays.
Language Statements are the smallest standalone elements that make up a program.
Natural Language Statements/Grammar and Logic are statements created in a naturally evolved language, which was created to communicate with one another. Artificial Language Statements/Syntax and Semantics are statements created in a language that did not naturally evolve but instead was create by a person or group of people. Input/Output Statements are statements created to provide instructions to the computer to identify where the data is to be attained and where the data is to be produced. Assignment Statements is a set of instructions that set or reset the value of a variable.
Program Design Language (PDL) - Meta Language is a process for developing and recording procedures and systems in programming. Syntax Diagrams are graphical road maps of programs there progression of logic. BNF is a notation method used in describing the syntax in a program.
Elementary Language Statements and Structured Language Statements are statements that are primarily comprised of commands in most programming languages. Assignment and Unconditional Statements is a statement that indicates no more than one probable execution sequence. Selection and Looping Statement are statements that are in most imperative programming languages and selection control apparatus’ that allow the value of a variable or expression to regulate the flow of program implementation via a multiway branch.
Expressions Components are elements which make up expressions and are interpreted according to the particular rules of precedence and of association for a particular programming language.
Operators, Operands and Results
Unary is an operation with only one operand. Binary is an operation involving two opperands.
Simple Types
Arithmetic statements are used for simple computation that utilize operations like the ADD, SUBTRACT, MULTIPLY, and DIVIDE statements. Logical statements are statements that can have only two values, true or false. Relational statements are two or more expressions whose values are compared to determine whether the relationship stated by the relational operator is satisfied.
Result
Unconditional (Not Boolean) are statements that perform calculations or actions without testing any conditions.
Conditional statements are statements that perform different calculations or actions based on whether the outcome of the boolean condition is true or false.
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